Thursday 26 November 2015

Thoughts: our spiritual money

Hari Om.

I was recently reflecting on the subject of thoughts. They are so subtle, one can't see them or touch them....most of us struggle to control them. Yet they are the very basis of our experience of life, our speech and our actions.....and therefore, our happiness, sadness, success, failure, everything really!

Strange how we don't learn how to manage our thoughts when we are in school. The only time mainstream society seems to bother about helping people to learn to think properly is in cases of patients with serious mental health issues such as depression, anger management problems, obsessive-compulsive disorders etc. Such patients are offered various types of therapies to help change their thought processes which are harming them and others- one such therapy that is quite successful is "Cognitive Behavioural Therapy".

But what about the rest of us who may not have such serious mental health diagnoses, but also suffer the same problems to an extent e.g. sadness/anger/fear etc are all emotions that trouble us from time to time in life. I personally think all people should be taught how to manage their thoughts in a healthy way- eg how to deal with angry thoughts in a healthy way (should I punch a wall, punch someone or maybe listen to some music and calm down? Lots of people have no clue how to handle powerful emotions. Even if we know what to do with our anger, it can be so difficult to practice. (My husband will vouch for this....after we've had a shouting match.... fortunately not that common but this does happen, I'm ashamed to say).

So it's crazy! We live in a world of perpetual thought- our thoughts and other people's thoughts (we are exposed to others' thoughts via their speech/actions).  But we barely know how to control them.

As sadhakas, we sit for half an hour to concentrate- we mostly wrestle with our minds during this time, and at the end often think, phew that's over for now, that was hard work. Of course at other times, it may be more easy/pleasant to concentrate, but on the whole, it is no easy task.

And yet, the Gurus say, from the spiritual perspective, if one wants spiritual success, then thought is spiritual money, thought is the Way to the Goal, to God. Thought is a very valuable resource, the golden key to Moksha/Nirvana.

We've all probably heard sayings such as "time is money", "Penny wise, Pound foolish" (meaning being careful about saving the small change/pennies, but being careless with the bigger currency/pounds)....the Indian equivalent would of course be "Paisa wise, Rupee foolish".

In the spiritual world, thought is spiritual money. (Yes in spiritual life, time is money, but thought is even bigger money). You get spiritual success by thinking of God. Oh how easy it sounds, but how difficult it is. Just think of it and you get it! But there is a caveat. You have to think of it, *all the time*. Not so easy now. You have to think of God all the time to get Him.

So if thoughts are spiritual money, how are we spending ours? The more spiritual money we spend on God, i.e. the more we think of God,  the closer we draw to Him/Her and the higher our chance of attaining God in this lifetime.

Penny wise, pound foolish is a wise proverb that can be applied to spiritual life. If one spends half an hour in a day thinking of God, and 23.5 hours thinking of other things, then that is being spiritually 'penny wise pound foolish'. One is simply throwing away one's spiritual money, one's valuable thoughts. 

Ideally one should spend the greater part of the day thinking of God (saving the spiritual pounds), not simply spending a little time thinking of God (saving a few spiritual pennies).

So our thoughts that glide and slide this way, our thoughts that meander here and there often with little rhyme or reason, these thoughts are everything in spiritual life. They are the key to our success.

We have to get some control of them. We can't just let them go all over the place like a crazed drunken elephant.

The Gurus offer some words of caution here in mind management. They say the mind is like an elephant.....it has to sway from side to side as it walks. So let it sway...but a little, not wildly. If you try and control the mind-elephant too strictly, it will get angry and turn against you. If you leave it to it's own devices,  it will go wild and play havoc with you.

Therefore we have to be wise mahouts of our mind-elephants....gently tapping it from time to time with the stick of the name of God and various spiritual practices to keep it going on the spiritual path. In this task, we are best of asking God Himself for help with controlling this difficult thing that He made. It is no easy task.

So if thought is spiritual money, I should be pretty careful how I plan my day to avoid thinking about rubbish and make sure I think about Him. I need to be picky about what I read, who I hang out with, where I go, what movies I watch....how boring this sounds, but it is exactly the advice our spiritual masters give us. They say, be picky, be choosy. Don't just let the mind-elephant go wild.

For example, this year I have been reading and following the news more avidly than previously. What has been the result? More mental agitation and stress and revulsion at the horrific things that people do. It does not help that journalists rarely report any of the good things that people do.

So after reading some of the recent world events,  my mind at one point was jumping about, saying Oh my God, how can people kill each other in the name of God....what madness! After a while, it calmed down. I began to think, the world has not been a nice place really, say for the last 1000 years of history at least. But this has not stopped many people from achieving their spiritual goals in life.

For example, Meera practiced her sadhana in the midst of an invasion of her land by people who disliked her religion, it did not stop her attaining Hari. Swami Sivananda was born in India when it was under foreign rule and he lived during the second world war- this did not stop him meditating on and attaining God. In fact, after attaining God, he was a great help to the rest of humanity in spreading the message of peace rendered powerful by his own direct experience of God.

Similarly all the spiritual masters of recent times, Ramakrishna, Ananadamayi Ma etc lived in times when the political situation in their country was very bad, where irreligion and adharma was the norm in politics. None of the disturbing world events around them could entice them into thinking too much about this. No, they thought obsessively only about one thing, i.e. God. They were very stingy with their spiritual money, with their thoughts, directing these only to God. We need to save our spiritual money like them, be stingy with our thoughts like them. We need to be able to say...I'm not going to waste my thoughts on that not-so-nice person, those bad events, whatever....I'm going to spend my thoughts wisely to get what I want, what I came here for....i.e. God.

I was therefore telling myself, ok there's war, killing and madness all over the world, so what's new? It was worse in the time of Meera, Ramakrishna and Sivananda- they lived in a land subjugated by foreign rulers. At least I have always lived in countries where I am relatively free to think and live as I want.

Why then should I spend my thoughts, my spiritual money, on horrible world events and even a possible third world war. It would be more useful for me, and possibly for the world, if I direct my thoughts to God and send out some peaceful thoughts- instead of more agitated thoughts.

So I've decided to save my spiritual money, my thoughts, a bit better from now on. In the time of Meera, I'm sure she did not spend too much time wondering about the terrible foreign invasions of her land...she wisely spent her time thinking about Hari. I think I'd best do the same. Let the messy world affairs be taken care of by that Hari who knows how to handle these.....I'll just mind my own business which is to think more of Hari...after all, that's the reason for my taking birth here.

Hari Aum Tat Sat.

Friday 6 November 2015

How to perform purascharana- simple guidelines

Hari Om.
  
This article aims to provide some general guidance for anyone considering a mantra purascharana (also written by some as 'purushcharana'). These writings are based on the teachings of my Guru Swami Sivananda (of the Divine Life Society, Rishikeh).

What is a purascharana?

A purascharana is primarily an extended mantra recitation practice. It involves recitation of a mantra as many lakhs (100,000) times as there are syllables in the mantra.
E.g. A five syllable mantra such as Om Namah Shivaya requires 5 lakh japa (5 x 100,000).
A 24 syllable mantra such as the Gayatri mantra requires 24 lakh japa (24 x 100,000)

The four traditional components of purascharana are:

1. Japa - as many lakh recitations as there are syllables in the mantra being chanted (as described above)
2. Havan/Homam - fire offering with mantra. Number of mantra recitation needs to be 1/10th the number of japa.
3. Tarpana- water offering with mantra. Number of mantra recitation needs to be 1/10th the number of that done with havan
4. Marjana- water sprinking. Number of mantra recitation is 1/10th the number done with tarpana

After these four steps, feeding of the poor and charitable actions are traditionally undertaken.

Swami Sivananda and other Gurus say that if havan, tarpana and marjana cannot be undertaken in the required amount due to circumstances or other constraints, extra 10% japa of the original purascharana can be undertaken instead- and then charitable actions can be done.


Purpose of purascharana: 

This can be undertaken for spiritual progress or a specific material purpose. Spiritual purposes are regarded as best- the result of such purascharana is to develop bhakti and feel the presence of God at all times. This enables one to attain the final goal of life- liberation, one-ness with God, freedom from the pains of samsara and eternal peace, wisdom and bliss.

Rules and purascharana:

One usually needs to follow some rules as far as possible when undertaking purascharana- these relate to diet, conduct and so on (see below).

One should not avoid doing purascharana because one cannot follow every rule. This is very important. The name of God is immensely purifying and can be taken in any state, pure or impure. As Sivananda says, there is gain and gain alone in doing japa. If you cannot follow the rules regarding diet etc, do not worry. Just start the japa in whatever way possible, and the rest will naturally follow in time.

How many purascharanas?

It is worth starting with one at least. After that one can decide how one feels about doing more. In general one may have to do several purascharanas to attain God, as per Sivananda. This is because much purification of mind is needed through the mantra recitation. All negative emotions such as anger, greed, lust, pride, jealousy etc have to be gradually eradicated and the opposite virtues cultivated. Only a pure mind can attain God. Hence prolonged practice is required. The Gurus say a sincere seeker can achieve this in one lifetime however. In fact, they command us to utilise our precious human life, which is very difficult to get, to  achieve the goal in one lifetime.

General tips for purascharana:

This is a simple basic set of guidelines for anyone considering a purascharana. They are based on the teachings of Gurus such as Sivananda and others.

1.  Attempt to follow the yamas and niyamas (or yogic ethics) to the best of your ability. Without trying to practice these, one can make no progress on the spiritual path. This is the foundation of yoga.  Your sadhana will help you get better and better at practicing yama and niyama so do not worry if you cannot practice these perfectly. Perfect practice of Ahimsa, Satya etc is only possible for the Self Realised anyway. One should make a valiant attempt to practice these, however, even as a beginner on the spiritual path.This shows at least that one accepts and commits to developing these ideal virtues.

For a description of yama and niyama, see my article dated May 1, 2018 (link below)

http://mantrayoga.blogspot.co.uk/2018/05/yama-and-niyama-ethical-foundation-for.html

2. Obtain a mala (most have 108 beads), or a watch, to keep count of mantra recitations. Purascharana  requires exact precise recording of mantra done. Keep a diary- write down daily how many recitations of the mantra were done using watch/mala. Pronounce the mantra clearly, and not-too-slow and not-too-fast (For instance, it takes me 5 minutes on average to do one mala comfortably. I keep a diary of how many malas were done daily).

3. Decide how many recitations/malas of the mantra you will do per day. Decide over what period of time you will complete the purascharana. (For example it takes me two years on average to do one purascharana of my mantra).
As far as possible, aim to do the same number of malas/recitations every day, not more, not less. This creates a good habit in the mind and helps long-term commitment to do mantra. If there is a crisis/some reason why the number of malas cannot be done, do not worry- but do at least one mala on that day or even a few recitations. If there is an ongoing problem, one can reduce the number of daily malas and increase again once the issue has resolved. However, once the purascharana begins, no day should pass without recitation of the mantra even if just a few times. No break in daily japa should take place as far as possible.

 4. Try to eat a sattvic clean diet- reduce or eliminate meat/eggs/rajasic foods as much as possible. Favour sattvic foods- vegetables (not fried), fruits, grains, lentils. dairy. Do not be too extreme with this or the mind will rebel, but do not be too lax either or the mind will take undue advantage.

5. As far as possible, try to do japa at the same place and same time daily. If not possible, do not worry. Do sadhana anywhere, at any time, but do sadhana. 

 6. Decide whether you wish to repeat the mantra mentally, whisperingly (lips moving, no audible sound) or verbally. Doing one or a mixture of these is acceptable- whatever feels natural and comfortable.

7. Select a concentration point to focus on when repeating the mantra verbally or as a whisper. When you do mental japa, your mind focuses on the sound alone, there is no room for visualisation. Mental japa is considered more powerful that audible/whispering, but the key here is concentration. If you can hear the mantra better verbally compared to mentally, then repeat the mantra verbally. Ability to repeat the mantra clearly mentally will come as the mind becomes purified. (I personally repeat the mantra verbally- I like doing this alongside visualising the form of my Ishta Devata and sometimes doing manasik puja alongside).
Choose as your concentration point either the point between the eyebrows (ajna chakra) or the centre of the chest (anahata heart chakra). Here, visualise either light or the form of the deity whose mantra you are repeating (eg Narayana/Shiva/Durga etc)– or something that represents the Divine to you. If you do not like visualising, that is fine- simply repeat the mantra and focus on the sound alone. Sit in a suitable asana – sukhasana or other – and keep the spine relaxed but straight when doing the practice. 

 8. Before starting any japa session, recite some slokas. Include a mantra or short invocation to Ganesh and Guru (Teaching Principle of God; may not may not involve a human form, depending on whether or not you have chosen a Guru for yourself), and then repeat some prayer verses to the deity whose mantra you are repeating for the purascharana. 
For example, I say “Om Gum Ganapataye Namah. Om Dum Durgayai Namah. Om Hreem MahaLakshmyai Namah. Om Aim Sarasvatyai Namah. Om Shri Gurave Namah. Om Namo Bhagavate Sivanandaya. Om Samastah Gurubhyo Namah. Om Namah Sivaya. Om Sri Ramaya Namah. Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya. Om Narayanaya Vidmahe, Vasudevaya Dhimahi, Tanno Vishnu Prachodayat. This may sound a bit long/odd, but it suits me, takes about 2 minutes and focuses my mind. So select some prayers that you like and repeat them.

9. Decide clearly the purpose of your purascharana. It is good to have some goal in mind. Spiritual goals are best, ideally, acquisition of true love for God/bhakti, knowledge of God/jnana and mukti/liberation from the ego/attainment of God consciousness. Also dedicate this practice to world peace and the welfare of all. You are one with God, and God is all, so ultimately this means you are dedicating your sadhana to your true self which is all. 

10. For help to choose a suitable mantra for purascharana, see the article dated August 14, 2017 (link below).

http://mantrayoga.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/how-to-choose-mantra-to-attain-god.html

11. For help to choose an auspicious day to start the purascharana, see the article dated August 13, 2017 (link below).

http://mantrayoga.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/choosing-muhurtha-to-start-sadhana.html

12. For some practical advice on how to successfully complete a purascharana, see the article dated May 8, 2018 (link below).

https://mantrayoga.blogspot.co.uk/2018/05/practical-tips-to-successfully-complete.html

13. For some information on doing manasik puja (mental worship of the deity) along with verbal japa, see the article dated October 21, 2018 (link below).

https://mantrayoga.blogspot.com/2018/10/how-to-do-manasik-puja.html

14. Finally check out these links which give good advice on japa yoga and purascharana as per my Guru Sivananda:

Japa yoga book by Sivananda- wonderful book with detailed information on every aspect of mantra japa including purascharana:

http://gurudevsivananda.org/japa.pdf

Sivananda websites on japa yoga